Install your Huawei or Vodafone brand mobile router or USB stick to surf via the 4G/3G network, even abroad. Enter the PUK code to unlock your SIM card. In the WPA pre-Shared key field, choose a password for your Wi-Fi network. Set to WPA-PSK&WPA2-PSK, then WPA-PSK and WPA encryption are displayed and must be set. In this case, you need to verify the PUK and change the PIN to unlock it. To verify the. International Mobile Station Equipment Identity. Senza dubbio PlayStation 3 Domanda vodafone station? Voglio connettere il mio pc fisso alla mia rete domestica e per questo uso il cd d' installazione vodafone, me? Ciao ho provato a crackare il mio modem. Download di Software per crackare reti WEP e WPA. Questo comprende programmi, crack, iso di cd commerciali, serials. Vodafone station emule.

Do you think your wireless network is secure because you're using WPA2 encryption?
If yes, think again!
Security researchers have discovered several key management vulnerabilities in the core of Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) protocol that could allow an attacker to hack into your Wi-Fi network and eavesdrop on the Internet communications.
WPA2 is a 13-year-old WiFi authentication scheme widely used to secure WiFi connections, but the standard has been compromised, impacting almost all Wi-Fi devices—including in our homes and businesses, along with the networking companies that build them.
Dubbed KRACKKey Reinstallation Attack—the proof-of-concept attack demonstrated by a team of researchers works against all modern protected Wi-Fi networks and can be abused to steal sensitive information like credit card numbers, passwords, chat messages, emails, and photos.
Since the weaknesses reside in the Wi-Fi standard itself, and not in the implementations or any individual product, any correct implementation of WPA2 is likely affected.
According to the researchers, the newly discovered attack works against:
  • Both WPA1 and WPA2,
  • Personal and enterprise networks,
  • Ciphers WPA-TKIP, AES-CCMP, and GCMP

In short, if your device supports WiFi, it is most likely affected. During their initial research, the researchers discovered that Android, Linux, Apple, Windows, OpenBSD, MediaTek, Linksys, and others, are all affected by the KRACK attacks.

It should be noted that the KRACK attack does not help attackers recover the targeted WiFi's password; instead, it allows them to decrypt WiFi users' data without cracking or knowing the actual password.
So merely changing your Wi-Fi network password does not prevent (or mitigate) KRACK attack.

Here's How the KRACK WPA2 Attack Works (PoC Code):


Discovered by researcher Mathy Vanhoef of imec-DistriNet, KU Leuven, the KRACK attack works by exploiting a 4-way handshake of the WPA2 protocol that's used to establish a key for encrypting traffic.
For a successful KRACK attack, an attacker needs to trick a victim into re-installing an already-in-use key, which is achieved by manipulating and replaying cryptographic handshake messages.
'When the victim reinstalls the key, associated parameters such as the incremental transmit packet number (i.e. nonce) and receive packet number (i.e. replay counter) are reset to their initial value,' the researcher writes.
'Essentially, to guarantee security, a key should only be installed and used once. Unfortunately, we found this is not guaranteed by the WPA2 protocol. By manipulating cryptographic handshakes, we can abuse this weakness in practice.'
The research [PDF], titled Key Reinstallation Attacks: Forcing Nonce Reuse in WPA2, has been published by Mathy Vanhoef of KU Leuven and Frank Piessens of imec-DistriNet, Nitesh Saxena and Maliheh Shirvanian of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Yong Li of Huawei Technologies, and Sven Schäge of Ruhr-Universität Bochum.

The team has successfully executed the key reinstallation attack against an Android smartphone, showing how an attacker can decrypt all data that the victim transmits over a protected WiFi. You can watch the video demonstration above and download proof-of-concept (PoC) code from Github.
'Decryption of packets is possible because a key reinstallation attack causes the transmit nonces (sometimes also called packet numbers or initialization vectors) to be reset to zero. As a result, the same encryption key is used with nonce values that have already been used in the past,' the researcher say.
The researchers say their key reinstallation attack could be exceptionally devastating against Linux and Android 6.0 or higher, because 'Android and Linux can be tricked into (re)installing an all-zero encryption key (see below for more info).'

However, there's no need to panic, as you aren't vulnerable to just anyone on the internet because a successful exploitation of KRACK attack requires an attacker to be within physical proximity to the intended WiFi network.

WPA2 Vulnerabilities and their Brief Details


The key management vulnerabilities in the WPA2 protocol discovered by the researchers has been tracked as:
  • CVE-2017-13077: Reinstallation of the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) in the four-way handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13078: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the four-way handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13079: Reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) in the four-way handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13080: Reinstallation of the group key (GTK) in the group key handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13081: Reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) in the group key handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13082: Accepting a retransmitted Fast BSS Transition (FT) Reassociation Request and reinstalling the pairwise encryption key (PTK-TK) while processing it.
  • CVE-2017-13084: Reinstallation of the STK key in the PeerKey handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13086: reinstallation of the Tunneled Direct-Link Setup (TDLS) PeerKey (TPK) key in the TDLS handshake.
  • CVE-2017-13087: reinstallation of the group key (GTK) while processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame.
  • CVE-2017-13088: reinstallation of the integrity group key (IGTK) while processing a Wireless Network Management (WNM) Sleep Mode Response frame.

The researchers discovered the vulnerabilities last year, but sent out notifications to several vendors on July 14, along with the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT), who sent out a broad warning to hundreds of vendors on 28 August 2017.
'The impact of exploiting these vulnerabilities includes decryption, packet replay, TCP connection hijacking, HTTP content injection, and others,' the US-CERT warned. 'Note that as protocol-level issues, most or all correct implementations of the standard will be affected.'
In order to patch these vulnerabilities, you need to wait for the firmware updates from your device vendors.
According to researchers, the communication over HTTPS is secure (but may not be 100 percent secure) and cannot be decrypted using the KRACK attack. So, you are advised to use a secure VPN service—which encrypts all your Internet traffic whether it’s HTTPS or HTTP.
You can read more information about these vulnerabilities on the KRACK attack's dedicated website, and the research paper.
The team has also released a script using which you can check whether if your WiFi network is vulnerable to the KRACK attack or not.
We will keep updating the story. Stay Tuned!
Have something to say about this article? Comment below or share it with us on Facebook, Twitter or our LinkedIn Group.

Crack WPA/WPA2 Wi-Fi Routers with Airodump-ng and Aircrack-ng/Hashcat.

This is a brief walk-through tutorial that illustrates how to crack Wi-Fi networks that are secured using weak passwords. It is not exhaustive, but it should be enough information for you to test your own network's security or break into one nearby. The attack outlined below is entirely passive (listening only, nothing is broadcast from your computer) and it is impossible to detect provided that you don't actually use the password that you crack. An optional active deauthentication attack can be used to speed up the reconnaissance process and is described at the end of this document.

If you are familiar with this process, you can skip the descriptions and jump to a list of the commands used at the bottom. For a variety of suggestions and alternative methods, see the appendix. neal1991 and tiiime have also graciously provided translations to this document and the appendix in Chinese if you prefer those versions.

Free download american english file 2 workbook pdf

DISCLAIMER: This software/tutorial is for educational purposes only. It should not be used for illegal activity. The author is not responsible for its use. Don't be a dick.

Getting Started

This tutorial assumes that you:

  • Have a general comfortability using the command-line
  • Are running a debian-based linux distro, preferably Kali linux (OSX users see the appendix)
  • Have Aircrack-ng installed
    • sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng
  • Have a wireless card that supports monitor mode (see here for a list of supported devices)

Cracking a Wi-Fi Network

Monitor Mode

Begin by listing wireless interfaces that support monitor mode with:

If you do not see an interface listed then your wireless card does not support monitor mode 😞

We will assume your wireless interface name is wlan0 but be sure to use the correct name if it differs from this. Next, we will place the interface into monitor mode:

Run iwconfig. You should now see a new monitor mode interface listed (likely mon0 or wlan0mon).

Find Your Target

Start listening to 802.11 Beacon frames broadcast by nearby wireless routers using your monitor interface:

You should see output similar to what is below.

For the purposes of this demo, we will choose to crack the password of my network, 'hackme'. Remember the BSSID MAC address and channel (CH) number as displayed by airodump-ng, as we will need them both for the next step.

Capture a 4-way Handshake

WPA/WPA2 uses a 4-way handshake to authenticate devices to the network. You don't have to know anything about what that means, but you do have to capture one of these handshakes in order to crack the network password. These handshakes occur whenever a device connects to the network, for instance, when your neighbor returns home from work. We capture this handshake by directing airmon-ng to monitor traffic on the target network using the channel and bssid values discovered from the previous command.

Now we wait.. Once you've captured a handshake, you should see something like [ WPA handshake: bc:d3:c9:ef:d2:67 at the top right of the screen, just right of the current time.

If you are feeling impatient, and are comfortable using an active attack, you can force devices connected to the target network to reconnect, be sending malicious deauthentication packets at them. Filme dublado em portugues completo. This often results in the capture of a 4-way handshake. See the deauth attack section below for info on this.

Once you've captured a handshake, press ctrl-c to quit airodump-ng. You should see a .cap file wherever you told airodump-ng to save the capture (likely called -01.cap). We will use this capture file to crack the network password. I like to rename this file to reflect the network name we are trying to crack:

Crack the Network Password

The final step is to crack the password using the captured handshake. If you have access to a GPU, I highly recommend using hashcat for password cracking. I've created a simple tool that makes hashcat super easy to use called naive-hashcat. If you don't have access to a GPU, there are various online GPU cracking services that you can use, like GPUHASH.me or OnlineHashCrack. You can also try your hand at CPU cracking with Aircrack-ng.

Note that both attack methods below assume a relatively weak user generated password. Most WPA/WPA2 routers come with strong 12 character random passwords that many users (rightly) leave unchanged. If you are attempting to crack one of these passwords, I recommend using the Probable-Wordlists WPA-length dictionary files.

Cracking With naive-hashcat (recommended)

Before we can crack the password using naive-hashcat, we need to convert our .cap file to the equivalent hashcat file format .hccapx. You can do this easily by either uploading the .cap file to https://hashcat.net/cap2hccapx/ or using the cap2hccapx tool directly.

Next, download and run naive-hashcat:

Naive-hashcat uses various dictionary, rule, combination, and mask (smart brute-force) attacks and it can take days or even months to run against mid-strength passwords. The cracked password will be saved to hackme.pot, so check this file periodically. Once you've cracked the password, you should see something like this as the contents of your POT_FILE:

Where the last two fields separated by : are the network name and password respectively.

If you would like to use hashcat without naive-hashcat see this page for info.

Cracking With Aircrack-ng

Aircrack-ng can be used for very basic dictionary attacks running on your CPU. Before you run the attack you need a wordlist. I recommend using the infamous rockyou dictionary file:

Note, that if the network password is not in the wordfile you will not crack the password.

If the password is cracked you will see a KEY FOUND! message in the terminal followed by the plain text version of the network password.

Deauth Attack

A deauth attack sends forged deauthentication packets from your machine to a client connected to the network you are trying to crack. These packets include fake 'sender' addresses that make them appear to the client as if they were sent from the access point themselves. Upon receipt of such packets, most clients disconnect from the network and immediately reconnect, providing you with a 4-way handshake if you are listening with airodump-ng.

Use airodump-ng to monitor a specific access point (using -c channel --bssid MAC) until you see a client (STATION) connected. A connected client look something like this, where is 64:BC:0C:48:97:F7 the client MAC.

Now, leave airodump-ng running and open a new terminal. We will use the aireplay-ng command to send fake deauth packets to our victim client, forcing it to reconnect to the network and hopefully grabbing a handshake in the process.

You can optionally broadcast deauth packets to all connected clients with:

Once you've sent the deauth packets, head back over to your airodump-ng process, and with any luck you should now see something like this at the top right: [ WPA handshake: 9C:5C:8E:C9:AB:C0. Now that you've captured a handshake you should be ready to crack the network password.

List of Commands

Below is a list of all of the commands needed to crack a WPA/WPA2 network, in order, with minimal explanation.

Appendix

The response to this tutorial was so great that I've added suggestions and additional material from community members as an appendix. Check it out to learn how to:

  • Capture handshakes and crack WPA passwords on MacOS/OSX
  • Capture handshakes from every network around you with wlandump-ng
  • Use crunch to generate 100+GB wordlists on-the-fly
  • Spoof your MAC address with macchanger

A Chinese version of the appendix is also available.

Attribution

Much of the information presented here was gleaned from Lewis Encarnacion's awesome tutorial. Thanks also to the awesome authors and maintainers who work on Aircrack-ng and Hashcat.

Overwhelming thanks to neal1991 and tiiime for translating this tutorial into Chinese. Further shout outs to yizhiheng, hiteshnayak305, enilfodne, DrinkMoreCodeMore, hivie7510, cprogrammer1994, 0XE4, hartzell, zeeshanu, flennic, bhusang, tversteeg, gpetrousov, crowchirp and Shark0der who also provided suggestions and typo fixes on Reddit and GitHub. If you are interested in hearing some proposed alternatives to WPA2, check out some of the great discussion on this Hacker News post.